Which route is associated with runny nose as a common vaccine reaction?

Which route is associated with runny nose as a common vaccine reaction?

• A. Oral
• B. Intramuscular
• C. Intranasal
• D. Subcutaneous

Answer: (C)

Nasal mucosa exposure often leads to runny nose as a common vaccine reaction. Intranasal administration delivers the vaccine directly to the nose’s mucous lining, provoking local irritation and immune activation there. This route is designed to stimulate mucosal immunity, so a mild rhinorrhea or nasal congestion is a typical local response. Other routes like oral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous deliver antigen away from the nasal passages and usually produce systemic effects or injection-site reactions rather than nasal discharge.

Nasal mucosa exposure often leads to runny nose as a common vaccine reaction. Intranasal administration delivers the vaccine directly to the nose’s mucous lining, provoking local irritation and immune activation there. This route is designed to stimulate mucosal immunity, so a mild rhinorrhea or nasal congestion is a typical local response. Other routes like oral, intramuscular, and subcutaneous deliver antigen away from the nasal passages and usually produce systemic effects or injection-site reactions rather than nasal discharge.